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Approach and avoidance motivation is composed of three conceptually distinct components. Approach indicates a propensity to move toward (or maintain contact with) a desired stimulus, such as vocational plans.
Avoidance indicates a propensity to move away from (or maintain distance from) an undesired stimulus in order to reduce anxiety.
Motivation is defined as the energization and direction of behavior.
The valence of stimuli is at the core of the distinction between approach and avoidance, with positively valenced stimuli typically leading to approach and negatively valenced stimuli typically leading to avoidance.
Stimuli can be external or internal, implicit or explicit, conscious or non-conscious.

Approach and avoidance motivation consists of three distinct components: approach, which propels individuals towards desired stimuli, and avoidance, which drives them away from unwanted stimuli to alleviate anxiety. Motivation energizes and directs behavior, with valence being crucial—positively valenced stimuli encourage approach, while negatively valenced ones promote avoidance. Stimuli can vary in nature, being internal or external and conscious or unconscious.